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simulation1 min readLesson 2.4

Top-down vs bottom-up reconciliation

Market Analysis · 20 min

The reconciliation between top-down and bottom-up TAM/SAM/SOM estimates is a critical credibility check. If both methods converge within 20-30%, your estimates are robust. If they diverge significantly, you need to investigate why and adjust assumptions.

If top-down says €1B and bottom-up says €100M, one of your assumptions is wrong. Find and fix it before presenting to investors.

Common reasons for divergence: (1) Top-down includes adjacent markets you can't serve, (2) Bottom-up underestimates total customers, (3) Price points differ between approaches, (4) Geographic assumptions are inconsistent.

Key Takeaways

  • Cross-validate top-down and bottom-up estimates.
  • Convergence within 20-30% = credible estimates.
  • Large divergence means an assumption is wrong — find and fix it.
  • The bottom-up SOM is usually the binding constraint for startups.