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theory1 min readLesson 11.4

CE marking / FDA clearance

Legal & Regulatory · 25 min

CE marking under EU MDR 2017/745 is mandatory for selling medical devices in the EU. The pathway depends on device classification: Class I (self-certification), Class IIa/IIb (notified body audit), Class III (full conformity assessment + clinical investigation). Software with diagnostic function is typically Class IIa.

CE Marking Steps (Class IIa):

  • 1. Classify device under MDR Annex VIII
  • 2. Appoint Authorized Representative if outside EU
  • 3. Establish Quality Management System (ISO 13485)
  • 4. Compile Technical Documentation
  • 5. Conduct Clinical Evaluation (literature + clinical data)
  • 6. Risk Management (ISO 14971)
  • 7. Software Lifecycle (IEC 62304)
  • 8. Submit to Notified Body for assessment
  • 9. Receive CE certificate
  • 10. Register in EUDAMED database

Key Takeaways

  • CE marking is mandatory for EU medical device sales.
  • Software for diagnosis = typically Class IIa under MDR.
  • ISO 13485 + ISO 14971 + IEC 62304 = the regulatory trifecta.
  • Clinical evaluation is required — plan for it early.

Frequently Asked Questions

AI software for medical diagnosis is typically classified as:

Answer: Class IIa (moderate risk)

Under EU MDR, software providing diagnostic support for medical conditions is typically Class IIa. If it directly drives treatment decisions for life-threatening conditions, it could be Class IIb or III.

What standard covers medical device quality management?

Answer: ISO 13485

ISO 13485 is the specific quality management standard for medical devices. It builds on ISO 9001 but adds medical device-specific requirements.

Clinical evaluation under MDR requires:

Answer: A literature review and/or clinical investigation with patients

Clinical evaluation must demonstrate safety and performance through literature review, clinical investigation, or a combination. The extent depends on device class and novelty.